On 5 November, the American elections followed on from the international string of elections that paved the way for 2024. Their result is clear : Donald Trump has been reelected President of the United States, included with a majority of citizens voting for him. The Republican camp also won a majority in the Senate and the House of Representatives, and already had a majority on the Supreme Court. Despite this majority in all the institutions, the recent on the US budget reflected a split in the Republican camp, which may well mean that it will be more difficult for the new President to govern.
Nonetheless, the President-elect of the United States has returned to a rhetoric not heard since the end of the Second World War : expansionism. By claiming control of the Panama Canal, possession of Greenland and even of Canada, Donald Trump is violating what seemed to be taken for granted in the ‘good manners’ of international law : borders security and no expansionist impulses. The return of such rhetoric by the President of the United States, even if it does not materialise, legitimises other expansionist rhetoric, such as that of Vladimir Putin with regards to Ukraine or other territories. This expansionist nationalism undermines peace and opens up the risk of frozen conflicts re-emerging. Several articles offer insights and tools for understanding and taking action.
The role played by the International Criminal Court (it should be remembered that federalists campaigned hard for its creation) in the Palestine conflict does offer some grounds for hope. Several articles in this issue remind us the importance of International Justice.
We can also be pleased that Romania and Bulgaria are finally joining the Schengen area, more than 15 years after their accession to the European Union.
We also devote several pages to the situation in Syria. Alerted by Kurdish solidarity networks in Europe, we share their concerns about the future of the federalist and democratic experimentation in the Rojava (Eastern Syria) and for the respect for minorities and human rights in the construction of a democratic Syria.

For 2025, Fédéchoses is making a number of changes. On the one hand, our membership fee, which has not changed since March 2011, has risen to €50 to take account of increases in the price of paper and postal charges. However, we are maintaining our solidarity-based membership fee. Your loyalty is the reward for our hard work.
Jean-François Richard, Director of Publication, has decided to step down. The editorial team will be as follows from 2025 : Jean-Francis Billion, Publication Director, Chloé Fabre, Editor-in-Chief and Théo Boucart, Deputy Editor-in-Chief.

We hope you enjoy reading this issue and look forward to welcoming you back to our readership in 2025.